What fiction does within and outside technoscience: Science fiction, fictional technofutures, and sociotechnical fictions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.7281Keywords:
science fiction, sociotechnical fictions, fictional technofutures, technology assessment, science and technology studiesAbstract
This article examines how fiction works within and outside technoscience by comparing three interrelated concepts: science fiction, fictional technofutures, and sociotechnical fictions. Science fiction reflects on the present through imagined futures. Fictional technofutures capture how speculative elements of such narratives enter corporate, political, and research discourses and are translated into strategic communication and expectations. Sociotechnical fictions have an effect within technoscience itself – where statements that are not (yet) factual are treated as if they were facts, guiding research, investment, and innovation. The article highlights conceptual boundaries and overlaps between the three forms of fiction and concludes by outlining their relevance for technology assessment.References
Bajekal, Naina; Perrigo, Billy (2023): Sam Altman. In: TIME, 06.12.2023. Available online at https://time.com/6342827/ceo-of-the-year-2023-sam-altman/, last accessed on 10.03.2026.
Bankston, Kevin (2019): The sci-fi feedback loop. In: Open Transcripts, 05.07.2019. Available online at http://opentranscripts.org/transcript/sci-fi-feedback-loop/, last accessed on 10.03.2026.
Barad, Karen (2003): Posthumanist performativity. Toward an understanding of how matter comes to matter. In: Signs – Journal of Woman in Culture and Society 28 (3), pp. 801–831. https://doi.org/10.1086/345321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/345321
Barrett, Brian (2024): I am once again asking our tech overlords to watch the whole movie. In: Wired, 13.05.2024. Available online at https://www.wired.com/story/openai-gpt-4o-chatgpt-artificial-intelligence-her-movie/, last accessed on 10.03.2026.
Beckert, Jens (2013): Imagined futures. Fictional expectations in the economy. In: Theory and Society 42 (3), pp. 219–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-013-9191-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11186-013-9191-2
Belsunces, Andreu (2025a): Sociotechnical fictions. The performative agencies of fiction in technological development, pp. 1–21. In: Science & Technology Studies. https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.131333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23987/sts.131333
Belsunces, Andreu (2025b): Deep hype in artificial general intelligence. Uncertainty, sociotechnical fictions and the governance of AI futures. In: arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.19749
Borup, Mads; Brown, Nik; Konrad, Kornelia; van Lente, Harro (2006): The sociology of expectations in science and technology. In: Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 18 (3-4), pp. 285–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320600777002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320600777002
Bostrom, Nick (2014): Superintelligence. Paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bova, Ben (1974): The role of science fiction. In: Ben Bova (ed.): Science fiction today and tomorrow. A discursive symposium. New York, NY: Penguin Books, pp. 3–16.
Broderick, Damien (1994): Reading by starlight. Postmodern science fiction. London: Routledge.
Carlson, Nicholas (2013): Bezos on Amazon’s delivery drones. ‘This looks like science fiction. It’s not.’ In: Business Insider Australia, 01.12.2013. Available online at https://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-on-amazon-delivery-drones-2013-12, last accessed on 10.03.2026.
Clarke, Roger (1994): Asimov’s laws of robotics. Implications for information technology. In: Computer 27 (1), pp. 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1109/2.248881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/2.248881
CNET (2020): Watch Elon Musk’s ENTIRE live Neuralink demonstration. Available online at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOWFXqT5MZ4, last accessed on 27.02.2026.
Decker, Michael et al. (2000): Outline. In: John Grin and Armin Grunwald (eds.): Vision assessment. Shaping technology in 21st Century Society. Towards a repertoire for technology assessment. Berlin: Springer, pp. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59702-2_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59702-2_1
Dierkes, Meinolf; Hoffmann, Ute; Marz, Lutz (1992): Leitbild und Technik. Zur Entstehung und Steuerung technischer Innovationen. Berlin: Sigma.
Ezrahi, Yaron (2015): Imagined democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fischer, Nele; Mehnert, Wenzel (2021): Building possible worlds. A speculation based research framework to reflect on images of the future. In: Journal of Futures Studies 25 (3), pp. 25–38. https://doi.org/10.6531/JFS.202103_25(3).0003
Gerola, Alessio; Robaey, Zoë (2024): Capturing the sun. Solarpunk and the elite capture of imagination. In: I Castelli di Yale 7 (2), pp. 55–66. https://doi.org/10.15160/2282-5460/2928
Ghamari-Tabrizi, Sharon (2009): The worlds of Herman Kahn. The intuitive science of thermonuclear war. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pncqft DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pncqft
Gibson, William (1984): Neuromancer. London: Gollancz.
Goldsmith, Judy; Mattei, Nicholas (2014): Fiction as an introduction to computer science research. In: ACM Transactions on Computing Education 14 (1), pp. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/2576873 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2576873
Grunwald, Armin (2012): Technikzukünfte als Medium von Zukunftsdebatten und Technikgestaltung. Karlsruhe: KIT Scientific Publishing.
Grunwald, Armin (2016): The hermeneutic side of responsible research and innovation. London: Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119340898 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119340898
Heinlein, Robert (1967): Starship troopers. London: The New English Library.
Hermann, Isabella (2023): Science-Fiction zur Einführung. Hamburg: Junius.
Knorr Cetina, Karin (1994): Primitive classification and postmodernity. Towards a sociological notion of fiction. In: Theory, Culture & Society 11 (3), pp. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327694011003001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/026327694011003001
Kurzweil, Ray (2006): The singularity is near. When humans transcend biology. New York, NY: Penguin. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1119621.1117663
Latour, Bruno; Woolgar, Steve (1986): Laboratory life. The construction of scientific facts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400820412
Le Guin, Ursula K. (1969): The left hand of darkness. New York, NY: Ace.
Lösch, Andreas; Roßmann, Maximilian; Schneider, Christoph (2021): Vision assessment als sozio-epistemische Praxis. In: Stefan Böschen, Armin Grunwald, Bettina-Johanna Krings and Christoph Rösch (eds.): Technikfolgenabschätzung. Handbuch für Wissenschaft und Praxis. Baden-Baden: Nomos, pp. 337–351. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748901990-337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748901990-337
Mehnert, Wenzel (2021): Deconstructing cyberpunk worlds. Technodystopian imaginaries in the storyworld of Gibson’s Neuromancer. In: Christoph Ernst and Jens Schröter (eds.): (Re-) imagining new media. Techno-imaginaries around 2000 and the case of ‘Piazza virtuale’ (1992). Wiesbaden: Springer VS, pp. 63–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32899-3_6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32899-3_6
Mehnert, Wenzel (2023): „The future is going to be weird.” Zur Ästhetik kommodifizierter Mind-Upload-Visionen. In: Marco Tamborini (ed.): Die Ästhetik der Technowissenschaften des 21. Jahrhunderts. Darmstadt: wbg Academic, pp. 177–200.
Mehnert, Wenzel (2024): The futures circle. A framework for hermeneutic technology assessment. In: Technology and Language 5 (1), pp. 129–151. https://doi.org/10.48417/technolang.2024.01.10
Moglen, Eben (1990): Legal fictions and common law legal theory. In: Tel-Aviv University Studies in Law 10, pp. 33–52.
Schröter, Jens (2004): Das Netz und die virtuelle Realität. Zur Selbstprogrammierung der Gesellschaft durch die universelle Maschine. Bielefeld: transcript. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839401767 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839401767-002
Stilgoe, Jack (2018): Machine learning, social learning and the governance of self-driving cars. In: Social Studies of Science 48 (1), pp. 25–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312717741687 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312717741687
Suvin, Darko (1972): On the poetics of the science fiction genre. College English 34 (3), pp. 372–82. https://doi.org/10.2307/375141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.58680/ce197218271
Tambe, Milind; Balsamo, Anne; Bowring, Emma (2008): Using science fiction in teaching artificial intelligence. In: Proceedings: Papers from the 2008 AAAI Spring Symposium. Available online at https://aaai.org/papers/0016-ss08-08-016-using-science-fiction-in-teaching-artificial-intelligence/, last accessed on 10.03.2026.
Toscano, Aaron (2012): Marconi’s wireless and the rhetoric of a new technology. Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3977-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3977-2
Yaszek, Lisa (2011): Science fiction. In: Bruce Clarke and Manuela Rossini (eds.): The Routledge Companion to literature and science. London: Routledge, pp. 385–395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203848739.ch33
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Andreu Belsunces Gonçalves, Wenzel Mehnert

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

