Open Science und Citizen Science als symbiotische Beziehung? Eine Gegenüberstellung von Konzepten

Katrin Vohland; Claudia Göbel

doi:10.14512/tatup.26.1-2.18

Authors

Katrin Vohland Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (DE) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7214-7015 Katrin.Vohland@mfn-berlin.de
Claudia Göbel European Citizen Science Association (DE) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-4154 Claudia.Goebel@mfn-berlin.de

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14512/tatup.26.1-2.18

Keywords:

open science, citizen science, public engagement in science and technology

Abstract

This article analyzes core attributes of the concepts of Open Science and Citizen Science in European science policy and relates them to one another. Both concepts postulate and advocate a future opening of science – with Open Science policy focusing on the research process and the conceptualization of Citizen Science placing more emphasis on the actors and their interactions. Both approaches claim transparency with regard to both the research process itself and its results. There are synergies in terms of the involvement of citizens and the accessibility of research results and processes. And there are risks when Citizen Science is merely instrumentalized without allowing for effective participation by citizens.

References

Bonney, Rick (1996): Citizen Science: A Lab Tradition. In: Living Bird 15 (4), S. 7–15.

Bonney, Rick et al. (2009): Citizen Science: A Developing Tool for Expanding Science Knowledge and Scientific Literacy. In: BioScience 59 (11), S. 977–984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2009.59.11.9

Dickel, Sascha; Franzen, Martina (2015): Digitale Inklusion: Zur sozialen Öffnung des Wissenschaftssystems. In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie 44 (59), S. 330–347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/zfsoz-2015-0503

ECSA – European Citizen Science Association (2015): 10 Principles of Citizen Science. Online verfügbar unter http://ecsa.citizen-science.net/documents, zuletzt geprüft am 03. 03. 2017.

ECSA – European Citizen Science Association (2017): About Us. Online verfügbar unter https://ecsa.citizen-science.net/about-us, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

European Commission (2013): Responsible Research and Innovation: Options for Strengthening Research and Innovation. Report of the Expert Group on the State of Art in Europe on Responsible Research and Innovation. Online verfügbar unter https://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/options-for-strengthening_en.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

European Commission (2016a): Nominated Members of the Open Science Policy Platform. Online verfügbar unter http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/ospp_nominated_members.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

European Commission (2016b): Open Innovation, Open Science, Open to the World – a Vision for Europe. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Directorate A – Policy Development and Coordination Unit A1 – Internal and external communication. Online verfügbar unter http://www.openaccess.gr/sites/openaccess.gr/files/Openinnovation.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Fecher, Benedikt; Friesike, Sascha (2014): Open Science: One Term, Five Schools of Thought. In: Sönke Bartling und Sascha Friesike (Hg.): Opening Science. The Evolving Guide on How the Internet is Changing Research, Collaboration and Scholarly Publishing. Cham: Springer, S. 17–47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00026-8_2

Franzen, Martina (2016): Open Science als wissenschaftspolitische Problemlösungsformel? In: Dagmar Simon, Andreas Knie, Stefan Hornbostel und Karin Zimmermann (Hg.): Handbuch der Wissenschaftspolitik. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien, S. 279–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05455-7_23

Franzoni, Chiara; Sauermann, Henry (2014): Crowd Science: The Organization of Scientific Research in Open Collaborative Projects. In: Research Policy 43 (1), S. 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.07.005

Friesike, Sascha; Widenmayer, Bastian; Gassmann, Oliver; Schildhauer, Thomas (2015): Opening Science: Towards an Agenda of Open Science in Academia and Industry. In: Journal of Technology Transfer 40 (4), S. 581–601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-014-9375-6

Groom, Quentin; Weatherdon, Lauren; Geijzendorffer, Ilse R. (2016): Is Citizen Science an Open Science in the Case of Biodiversity Observations? In: Journal of Applied Ecology 54 (2), S. 612-617. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12767

Grossman, Robert L. et al. (2012): The Design of a Community Science Cloud: The Open Science Data Cloud Perspective. In: High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SCC). Online verfügbar unter https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/scc/2012/6218/00/06495909-abs.html, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/SC.Companion.2012.127

Holmberg, Kim Johan (2015): Altmetrics for Information Professionals. Past, Present and Future. Waltham, MA: Chandos Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100273-5.00002-8

Irwin, Alan (1995): Citizen Science. London: Routledge.

Kullenberg, Christopher; Kasperowski, Dick (2016): What Is Citizen Science? – A Scientometric Meta-Analysis. In: PLoS ONE 11 (1): e0147152, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147152

Luna, Soledad; Sturm, Ulrike (2017): Defining Principles and Guidelines for Mobile Apps and Platform Development for Best Practice in Citizen Science. Workshop Report. Online verfügbar unter https://ecsa.citizen-science.net/sites/default/files/report_of_the_workshop.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Mahr, Dana; Goebel, Claudia; Irwin, Alan; Vohland, Katrin (im Druck): Citizen Science Studies. How to Co-produce Reflexiveness and Productive Dialogue between Citizen Science Practitioners and Researchers. In: Aletta Bonn et al. (Hg.): Citizen Science – Innovation in Open Science, Society and Policy, London: UCL Press.

Moedas, Carlos (2016): Foreword by Commissioner Carlos Moedas. In: European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. Realising the European Open Science Cloud. S. 4. Online verfügbar unter https://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/pdf/realising_the_european_open_science_cloud_2016.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Nentwich, Michael; König, René (2012): Cyberscience 2.0 – Research in the Age of Digital Social Networks. Frankfurt am Main: Campus.

Newman, Greg; Wiggins, Andrea; Crall, Alycia; Graham, Eric; Newman, Sarah; Crowston, Kevin (2012): The Future of Citizen Science: Emerging Technologies and Shifting Paradigms. In: Frontiers in Ecology and Environment 10 (6), S. 298–304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/110294

Open Knowledge International, 2015: Open Definition 2.1. Online verfügbar unter http://opendefinition.org/od/2.1/en/, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Oxford Dictionary (2017): Citizen Science. Verfügbar unter https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/citizen_science, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Pettibone, Lisa; Oswald, Kristin; Smolarski, René (Hg.) (2016): GEWISS Dialogforum: Bürger Künste Wissenschaft. Berlin: Projekt „Bürger schaffen Wissen – Wissen schafft Bürger“ (GEWISS Bericht Nr. 8.). Online verfügbar unter http://www.buergerschaffenwissen.de/sites/default/files/assets/dokumente/8_gewiss_bkw_bericht.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Pettibone, Lisa; Ziegler, David; Vohland, Katrin (in Vorbereitung): What „Citizen Science“ Means to Citizens. Results of a Pilot Study in Germany.

Preston, Benjamin (2016): Public Lab Puts Eco Justice in the Hands of Citizen Scientists. Online verfügbar unter http://makezine.com/2016/02/09/public-lab-puts-eco-justice-in-the-hands-citizen-scientists/, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Sanz, Fermín Serrano; Holocher-Ertl, Teresa; Kieslinger, Barbara; García, Francisco Sanz; Silva, Cândida G. (2014): White Paper on Citizen Science for Europe. Online verfügbar unter http://www.ecsite.eu/sites/default/files/white_paper-final-print.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Schade, Sven; Bowser, Anne; Scarpino, Russell (2016): Data and Metadata: Reporting from the Citizen Science Data and Service Infrastructure Meeting in Italy. Workshop Report, Citizen Science Association (CSA). Online verfügbar unter http://citizenscience.org/2016/02/09/data-and-metadata-reporting-from-the-citizen-science-data-and-service-infrastructure-meeting-in-italy/, zuletzt geprüft 09. 06. 2017.

SCU – Science Communication Unit, University of the West of England, Bristol (2013): Science for Environment Policy. In-depth Report: Environmental Citizen Science. Report produced for the European Commission DG Environment, December 2013. Online verfügbar unter http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/IR9_en.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Shirk, Jennifer; Bonney, Rick (2015): Developing a Citizen Science Program: A Synthesis of Citizen Science Frameworks. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Online verfügbar unter https://cdn1.safmc.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/28101104/CS1_Developing20a20Citizen20Science20Program20GUIDE.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Smith, Elta; Gunashekar, Salil; Lichten, Catherine; Parks, Sarah; Chataway, Joanna (2016): A Framework to Monitor Open Science Trends in the EU. Online verfügbar unter https://www.oecd.org/sti/063%20-%20OECD%20Blue%20Sky%202016_Open%20Science.pdf, zuletzt geprüft am 09. 06. 2017.

Trojok, Rüdiger (2016): Biohacking. Gentechnologie für alle. München: Franzis Verlag.